Lista dei Cardinali
(N - Q)

N

NAPIER Wilfrid Fox, O.F.M.
Cardinal Wilfrid Fox Napier, O.F.M., Archbishop of Durban, South Africa, Apostolic Administrator sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctae Sedis of Umzimkulu, was born on 8 March 1941 in Swartberg, South Africa. He was ordained for the Franciscans on 25 July 1970 following philosophical and theological studies at the Catholic University of Louvain.

After learning Xhosa, he worked in the parish of Lusikisiki and did pastoral work in Tabankulu. In 1978 he was named Apostolic Administrator of Kokstad and appointed Bishop of the same see on 29 November 1980, receiving episcopal ordination on 28 February 1981. During the turbulent changes that marked the South African political scene, he was deeply involved in mediation and negotiation work along with other national and provincial Church leaders. He served as President of the Southern African Catholic Bishops' Conference from 1987 to 1994.

On 29 May 1992 he was promoted to Archbishop of Durban and on 1 August 1994 was named Apostolic Administrator sede vacante et ad nutum Sanctae Sedis of Umzimkulu. Since November 1999, he is President of the Southern African Catholic Bishops’ Conference (SACBC).

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 February 2001. Titular church St. Francis of Assisi in Acilia.

Curial membership:

   * Evangelization of Peoples, Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life (congregations)
   * Special Council for Africa of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops
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NICORA Attilio
Cardinal Attilio Nicora, President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See, was born on 16 March 1937 in Varese, Archdiocesi of Milan, Italy. He was ordained a priest on 27 June 1964. He holds a degree in jurisprudence, a licentiate in theology and a doctorate in canon law.
Cardinal Nicora taught canon law and public ecclesiastical law in the Major Seminary of Milan, where he later became rector. On 28 May 1977 he was ordained titular Bishop of Furnos minor and Auxiliary of the Archdiocese of Milan, later becoming the pro-vicar general. He was appointed President of the Commission of the Italian Bishops’ Conference (CEI) for Ecclesiastical Institutes and Goods; President of the Episcopal Commission for Charitable Service and of the Italian Caritas. In 1992 he was transferred to Verona and continued his collaboration with the Holy See on juridical matters. He represented the CEI at the Commission of the Episcopates of the European Community and in 2000 he was nominated vice president.
On 1 October 2002 he was nominated President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the Consistory of 21 October 2003. Deaconry of St. Philip Neri in Eurosia.

Curial membership:

   * Secretariat of State (second section)
   * Bishops, Evangelization of Peoples (congregations)
   * Legislative Texts (council)
   * Vatican City State (commission)
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O

OBANDO BRAVO Miguel, S.D.B.
Cardinal Miguel Obando Bravo, S.D.B., Archbishop of Managua (Nicaragua)  , was born on 2 February 1926 in La Libertad, Nicaragua, in the actual diocese of Juigalpa. After having attended the Salesian College of Granada he obtained a baccalaureate in Latin and Greek; in San Salvador he received a doctorate in mathematics, physics and philosophy. After entering the Salesians he studied theology in Guatemala and thereafter vocational psychology in Colombia, in Venezuela and in Rome.

He was ordained a priest on 10 August 1958 and was professor of mathematics and physics in the superior schools of Nicaragua and El Salvador; Prefect of discipline of the Salesian seminary of San Salvador (1959); Rector of the Rinaldi Institute; Member of the provincial council for Central America of the Congregation (1962); Delegate for Central America and Panama at the XIX General Chapter of the Salesians which was held in Rome in 1965.

Nominated by Paul VI titular bishop of Puzia di Bizacena and Auxiliary of Matagalpa (Nicaragua) on 8 January 1968, he received episcopal ordination on 31 March1968. During this period in Matagalpa, he dedicated particular pastoral attention to the campesinos and to their urgent problems.

On 16 February 1970 he was nominated Archbishop of Managua, taking possession of the archdiocese on 4 April 1970.

He was delegate of the Nicaraguan Bishops for the General Assembly of the Synod of 1971; President of the Nicaraguan Bishops’ Conference for 6 different terms from 1971-1997 and then again in 1999; President of the Bishops’ Secretariat of Central America and Panama from 1976-1980; President of the Department for Religious of the Latin American Bishops’ Conference from 1981 to 1985.

Many international organizations have given him prestigious recognition for his uninterrupted pastoral and humanitarian work.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 25 May 1985. Titular church, St. John the Evangelist (a Spinaceto).

President of the Bishops’ Conference of Nicaragua, December 1999.

Curial membership:

   *

     Divine Worship and Sacraments, Clergy, Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life (congregations)
   * Latin America (council)
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O’BRIEN Keith Michael Patrick
Cardinal Keith Patrick Michael O’Brien, Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh (Scotland), was born on 17 March 1938 in Ballycastle, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. He was ordained a priest on 3 April 1965. He obtained a bachelor of science degree in chemistry and mathematics from the University of Edinburgh and a diploma in education.
Cardinal O’Brien served as assistant parish priest and as chaplain of St Columba Secondary School in Cowdenbeath, where he taught math. He was spiritual director of St Andrew's College in Drygrange and rector of St Mary’ College, Blairs. On 5 August 1985 he was ordained Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh. In 1991, Archbishop O’Brien was awarded the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem: Knight Commander with star. From 1996-99 he served as Apostolic Administrator of the Diocese of Argyll and The Isles, and in 2001 he was appointed Acting President of the Bishops’ Conference of Scotland.
Since March 2002, Cardinal O’Brien has been President of the Bishops’ Conference.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the Consistory of 21 October 2003, of the Title of Sts. Joachim and Anne in Tuscolano.

Curial membership:

   * Migrants and Itinerant Peoples, Social Communications (councils)
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OKOGIE Anthony Olubunmi
Cardinal Anthony Olubunmi Okogie, Archbishop of Lagos (Nigeria), was born on 16 June 1936 in Lagos, Nigeria. He was ordained a priest on 11 December 1966. He holds a licentiate in sacred theology.
Following ordination, Cardinal Okogie planned to continue his studies in Rome, but was unexpectedly called back to Nigeria where he served for a short time as pastoral assistant at the Holy Cross Cathedral in Lagos. He was then drafted into the Nigerian army as a chaplain. He served again at the Cathedral and was appointed as Catholic religious instructor and chaplain in King's College, a State Secondary School. On 29 August 1971, he was ordained titular Bishop of Mascula and Auxiliary of Oyo. He was transferred to Lagos first as Auxiliary Bishop, then on 13 April 1973 nominated Archbishop. Cardinal Okogie played a prominent role in the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN), where he served as President. He also served as President of the Bishops’ Conference of Nigeria from 1994-2000.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the Consistory of 21 October 2003, of the Title of  Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel in Mostacciano.

Curial membership:

   * Evangelization of Peoples (congregation)
   * Social Communications (council)
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ORTEGA Y ALAMINO Jaime Lucas
Cardinal Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino, Archbishop of St. Cristóbal, Havana  , was born in Jagüey Grande in the diocese and province of Matanzas, Cuba, on 18 October 1936. His father was first a worker in the sugar factory close to the village where he was born, and subsequently a shop-keeper.

When he was five years old, his family moved to the city of Matanzas. There he completed his compulsory education at the prestigious school Arturo Echemendía. He completed his higher education at the Advanced Institute for Secondary Studies of Matanzas, a state-run student centre.

He earned a diploma in arts and sciences in 1955 and after one year at the university, entered the diocesan seminary of San Alberto Magno, directed by the Fathers of the Foreign Mission of Quebec.

After four years studying humanities and philosophy, the Bishop sent him to study theology at the seminary of the Foreign Mission in Quebec, Canada.

He then returned to Cuba and was ordained priest on 2 August 1964, in the Cathedral of Matanzas. His ministry as Coadjutor Vicar of Cárdenas was interrupted in 1966 when he was detained in work camps known by the initials UMAP. In 1967, at the end of his imprisonment, he was appointed parish priest of Jagüey Grande, his native town.

Like all parish priests in Cuba during this period when priests were few and far between, he was in charge of several parishes and churches. In 1969 he was appointed parish priest of the Cathedral of Matanzas. Responsible for the parish of Pueblo Nuevo in the city and another two churches outside it, at the same time he was also President of the Diocesan Commission for Catechesis and maintained an active apostolate with the youth of the Diocese. In those years, very difficult for the Church's pastoral activities, he founded a youth movement, which included among the various forms of the apostolate summer camps for young people and evangelization by the means of theatricals, performed by the young people themselves.

For several years, in addition to his pastoral activities in the city of Matanzas, he taught at the Sts. Charles and Ambrose interdiocesan seminary in Havana, which he visited once a week to give courses in moral theology.

On 4 December 1978, John Paul II named him Bishop of Pinar del Rio. He was consecrated on 14 January 1979 in the Cathedral of Matanzas, and on 21 January he took possession of his diocese. Three years of pastoral work in a deeply religious Catholic Diocese with a very committed and participative laity left an indelible mark on the soul of the Bishop who was promoted to the Archdiocese of Havana as Archbishop on 20 November 1981. On 27 December he took possession of this new See.

He was in charge of pastoral activities for 13 years in this Archdiocese. He created new parishes, set up the Diocesan Council for Pastoral Initiatives, rebuilt more than 40 churches and parish houses, founded a priests' residence for the priests of the Diocese and of the whole of Cuba for meetings, retreats or simply for holidays, created a lay centre for meetings with a library, chapel and guest rooms, built two centres for meetings and conferences especially for youth. These are some of the principle initiatives undertaken by the Archbishop who always showed special interest in the laity and above all, in young people. In 1991 he set up Caritas in Havana, thus founding Caritas Cuba.

The Archbishop's chief concern was for vocations to the priesthood. In the course of his episcopal mission, Archbishop Ortega ordained 22 Cuban priests; a modest but significant number in a country where the Church's pastoral action has always been considerably curtailed.

Thanks to his homilies, the archdiocesan monthly bulletin Aqui la Iglesia and other speeches and messages, he made himself known to the people in his archdiocese who listened to his opinions and followed his guidance despite the fact that the Church in Cuba has no access to the media.

In 1988 until November 1998, he was President of the Cuban Conference of Catholic Bishops. In this capacity, he took part in the fourth General Conference of the Latin-American Bishops in Santo Domingo. From 1995 to 1999, he was the Second Vice President of the Latin American Episcopal Council (CELAM).In December 2001, he was renomenated President of the Cuban Conference of Catholic Bishops.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of November 26, 1994. Titular church, Sts. Aquila and Priscilla.

Has received degrees Honoris Causa from the Barry and St. Thomas Universities (Florida), University of San Francisco (California), Providence College (Rhode Island) and Boston College (Massachusetts).

January 2001, Honoris Causa doctorate, St. John’s University (New York).

Curial membership:

   *

     Clergy (congregation)
   *

     Health Care Workers (council)
   * Latin America (commission)
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OUELLET Marc, P.S.S.
Cardinal Marc Ouellet, P.S.S., Archbishop of Québec and Primate of Canada, was born on 8 June 1944 in Lamotte, near Amos, Canada. He was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Amos on 25 May 1968. He holds licentiates in theology and philosophy, and a doctorate in dogmatic theology.
Cardinal Ouellet served as consultor to the Sulpicians’ Provincial Council of Canada, and then director and teacher at the Major Seminary of Montreal, where he became rector in 1990. He also served briefly as rector of St Joseph's Seminary, Edmonton.
He was consultor to the Congregation for the Clergy, then to the General Council of the Priests of Saint Sulpice. He later taught at the John Paul II Institute at the Pontifical Lateran University, where in 1997 he was appointed to the chair of dogmatic theology. On 3 March 2001, he was named titular Bishop of Agropoli and Secretary of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity; Pope John Paul II ordained him a Bishop on 19 March of that year.
On 15 November 2002, Cardinal Ouellet was appointed Metropolitan Archbishop of Quebec.
Cardinal Ouellet is a member of the Pontifical Academy of Theology.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the Consistory of 21 October 2003, of the Title of Holy Mary in Transpontina.

Curial membership:

   * Divine Worship and Discipline of Sacraments (congregation)
   * Latin America (commission)
   * International Eucharistic Congresses
_________________________________________________________


P

PANAFIEU Bernard
Cardinal Bernard Panafieu, Archbishop of Marseilles, was born on 26 January 1931 in Châtellerault, France. He was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Albi on 22 April 1956.
Cardinal Panafieu served as vicar at Saint-Sauveur di Mazamet, and as chaplain of La Pérouse School, Albi, and of the university parish. He was also chaplain of students in Tolosa, parish dean of Brassac and general secretary of the Presbyteral Council of Albi.
He was ordained Auxiliary Bishop of Annecy on 9 June 1974. In 1978 he was transferred to Aix-en-Provence. He was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Marseilles with the right of succession in 1994, and became Archbishop on 22 April 1995.
Cardinal Panafieu is President of the Episcopal Committee for Interreligious Relations and New Religious Trends, President of the Secretariat for Religious Relations with Islam and a member of the Episcopal Commission for the Universal Mission of the Church.
He has been Archbishop of Marseilles since 1995.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 October 2003. Titular church, St. Gregory Barbarigo at Tre Fontane.

Curial membership:

   * Interreligious Dialogue, Justice and Peace (councils)
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PASKAI László, O.F.M.
Cardinal László Paskai, O.F.M., Archbishop emeritus of Esztergom-Budapest  , Primate of Hungary  , was born on 8 May 1927 in Szeged, in the south-eastern zone of Hungary. He entered the Order of Friars Minor and studied theology in Gyoongyos and at the seminary of Budapest.

He was ordained a priest on 3 May 1951, and began his pastoral ministry in the diocese of Nagyvarad. The following year, he obtained a doctorate in theology from the Bucharest Academy, and then returned to his native city to serve as the bishop’s master of ceremonies. From 1955 to 1962, he was a professor of theology and philosophy at the seminary of Szeged. He was also a librarian. He was Prefect of the interdiocesan seminary and then in 1962 was spiritual director and professor of philosophy, ascetical theology and liturgy.

Always as spiritual director, in 1965 he was transferred to the seminary of Budapest and in 1973 he became rector.

On 2 March 1978, Paul VI appointed him titular Bishop of Bavagliana and apostolic administrator of Veszprém. He received episcopal ordination on 5 April 1978. About a year later, on 31 March 1979, he became Bishop of Veszprém.

Three years later, on 5 April 1982, he was promoted to Coadjutor Archbishop of Kalocsa. On 8 July 1986 (until 1990), he was elected president of the Hungarian Episcopal Conference and then on 3 March 1987 he was transferred to the Metropolitan see of Esztergom. He took possession of the archdiocese and also was given the title of Primate of Hungary.

As Archbishop, he committed his pastoral ministry to the promotion of the spiritual humanity of priests, the participation of the laity in the pastoral service – helping, above all, parishes to become live communities - the family apostolate and catholic education for the young.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 28 June 1988. Titular church St. Theresa (al Corso d’Italia).

Archbishop emeritus of Esztergom-Budapest , Primate of Hungary, December 2002.

Curial membership:

   *

     Oriental Churches, Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life (congregations)
   * Legislative Texts (council)
____________________________________________________________

PELL George
Cardinal George Pell, Archbishop of Sydney (Australia), was born on 8 June 1941 in Ballarat, Australia. He was ordained a priest on 16 December 1966 and holds a licentiate in theology from the Urbaniana University of Rome, a master’s degree in education from Monash University and a doctorate of philosophy in Church History from the University of Oxford. Cardinal Pell served as Director of the Aquinas Campus of the Institute of Catholic Education (1974-84) and Principal of the Institute of Catholic Education (1981-84). He was Episcopal Vicar for Education in the Diocese of Ballarat and a founding member of the Catholic Education Commission of Victoria.
On 21 May 1987 he was ordained an Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Melbourne and titular Bishop of Scala.
From 1988-97 he was Chairman of Caritas Australia. During that same period, he was member of the National Catholic Commission and from 1994-97 he was Secretary to the Bishops’ Committee for Education. In 1989, Cardinal Pell was appointed Chairman of the committee charged with setting up the new Australian Catholic University, and in 1991-95 he served as pro-chancellor of the University’s Foundation. From 1985-87 he was Rector of Corpus Christi College, the Provincial Seminary for Victoria and Tasmania. In 1990, he attended the Synod of Bishops in Rome on the preparation of priests, where he served as one of the Synod spokesmen and on the committee which prepared the final Synod message. He was appointed Apostolic Visitor to the National Seminaries of New Zealand (1994), Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (1995), the Pacific (1996) and Irian Jaya and Sulawesi (1998) by the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples in the Vatican.
In November 1998, Cardinal Pell attended the Synod for Oceania. He was appointed by Pope John Paul II to represent the Bishops of Australia and Oceania at the Special Synod for European Bishops in 1999 and the Synod of Bishops held in 2001.
In April 2002, he was named President of the Vox Clara committee for the English translations of liturgical texts.
In 2001 the Holy Father appointed Cardinal Pell the eighth Metropolitan Archbishop of Sydney. He was installed as Archbishop at St Mary's Cathedral on 10 May 2001.

Curial membership:

   * Family, Justice and Peace (councils)
   * Ordinary Council of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 October 2003, of the Title of S. Maria Domenica Mazzarello.
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PENGO Polycarp
Cardinal Polycarp Pengo, Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam  (Tanzania), was born on 5 August 1944 in the parish of Mwazye, diocese of Sumbawanga in Tanzania.

From 1959 to 1964 he did his higher secondary schooling at the minor seminary in Kaengesa. In 1965 he entered the major seminary in Kipalalpala for three years of philosophy (1965-67) and four years of theology (1968-71).

He was ordained a priest in the diocese of Sumbawanga on 20 June 1971 and for two years - from June 1971 to July 1973 - he was Secretary to the Bishop.

From 1973 to 1977, he studied moral theology in Rome at the Pontifical Lateran University (Academy of St Alphonsus), obtaining a doctorate. After his studies, he returned to Tanzania and taught moral theology at the major seminary in Kipalalpala for nine months in 1977. He then was made the first Rector of the major seminary in Segerea, a position which he held from 1978 to 1983.

Pope John Paul II named him Bishop of Nachingwea on 11 November 1983 and ordained him on 6 January 1984 on the Feast of the Epiphany in St Peter’s Basilica. He took possession of the diocese on 19 February 1984.

On 17 October 1986 he was named Bishop of the new diocese of Tunduru-Masasi and he was installed there on 12 February 1987.

Named Coadjutor Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam on 22 January 1990, he took possession of the Archdiocese on 22 July 1992 following the resignation of Cardinal Laurean Rugambwa.

On Sunday 2 September 1990, on the occasion of the Apostolic Visit of John Paul II to Tanzania, the then Coadjutor Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam, addressed to the Pope the words of homage at the beginning of the meeting with clergy and religious in St. Peter’s Church in Dar-es-Salaam. In introducing the Church in Tanzania to the Pope, he underlined in particular the fidelity to, the love of and the passion for the task of evangelization.

On 12 April 1984 he spoke at the Fourth General Congregation of the Special Assembly of the Synod of Bishops for Africa. The theme of his speech was, "The Deepening of Christian Faith in Daily Life".

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 February 1998. Titular church Our Lady of La Salette.

Curial membership:

   *

     Evangelization of Peoples, Doctrine of the Faith (congregations)
   * Interreligious Dialogue, Culture (councils)
   * Special Council for Africa of the General of the Synod of Bishops
________________________________________________________________

PHAM MINH MÂN Jean-Baptiste
Cardinal Jean-Baptiste Pham Minh Mân, Archbishop of Thàn-Phô Hô Chí Minh,  Hôchiminh Ville (Viêt Nam), was born in 1934 in Hoa Thanh, Ca Mau, Vietnam. He was ordained a priest on 25 May 1965.
Following ordination, Cardinal Pham Minh Mân was a teacher at the Minor Seminary of Beato Quy in Cai Rang (Cân Tho). In 1975, due to the radical change of political system in South Vietnam, the Church underwent persecution and the seminaries were closed or confiscated by the State. During this period, Cardinal Pham Minh Mân was made responsible for the formation of priests. In 1988, when six major seminaries in Vietnam were again opened, he was appointed as rector of the Seminary of Santo Quy in Cai Rang, and had to face numerous difficulties, including a lack of professors. On 11 August 1993 he was ordained as Coadjutor Bishop with the right of succession to the Diocese of My Tho.
On 1 March 1998 he was nominated Archbishop of Thàn-Phô Hô Chí Minh, Hôchiminh Ville.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 October 2003. Titular church, St. Justin.

Curial membership:

   * Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments, Evangelization of Peoples (congregations)
___________________________________________________________

POLETTO Severino
Cardinal Severino Poletto, Archbishop of Turin, Italy, was born on 18 March 1933 in Salgareda (Treviso), Italy. He was ordained for the Diocese of Casale Monferrato on 29 June 1957 and holds a licentiate in moral theology from the Alphonsian Academy, Rome.

He was a curate in Montemagno, prefect of discipline at the diocesan seminary and vocation director. In 1965 he was named parish priest of St Mary of the Assumption in the Oltreponte area of Casale. In that period he also worked part-time at a local factory. In 1973 he founded the Diocesan Centre for Family Ministry and in 1974 coordinated the city mission for the 500th anniversary of the Diocese's foundation.

On 3 April 1980 he was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Fossano and received episcopal ordination on 17 May. On 29 October he succeeded Archbishop Giovanni Dadone. For 10 years he was also secretary of the Piedmontese Episcopal Conference. On 16 March 1989 he was named Bishop of Asti and on 19 June 1999 was appointed Archbishop of Turin.

Curial membership:

   * Clergy (congregation)
   * Economic Affairs of the Holy See (office)
   * Cultural Heritage of the Church (commission)

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 February 2001, of the Title of St. Joseph in Via Trionfale (deaconry raised pro hac vice to presbyteral title).
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POMPEDDA Mario Francesco
Cardinal Mario Francesco Pompedda,  Prefect emeritus of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, was born on 18 April 1929 in Ozieri (Sardinia), Italy. He was ordained for the Vatican clergy on 23 December 1951 and holds a doctorate in theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University, a licentiate in Scripture from the Pontifical Biblical Institute and a doctorate in utroque iure from the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome.

He started working at the Tribunal of the Roman Rota in 1955 and held various positions, including Defender of the Bond. He was named a Prelate Auditor in 1969 and Dean in 1993. He was also President of the Appellate Court of Vatican City State. Appointed titular Archbishop of Bisarcio on 29 November 1997, he received episcopal ordination from the Holy Father on 6 January 1998.

On 16 November 1999 he was appointed Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura and President of the Court of Cassation of Vatican City State. He is the author of two books and many articles on canon law.

Prefect emeritus of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, 27 Mary 2004.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the Consistory of 21 February 2001, of the Deaconry of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Via Ardeatina.

Curial membership:

   * Divine Worship and Sacraments; Doctrine of the Faith; Evangelization of Peoples (congregations)
   * Legislative Texts (council)
____________________________________________________________

POUPARD Paul
Cardinal Paul Poupard, President of the Pontifical Council for Culture  , was born on 30 August 1930 in Bouzillé, France. He was ordained a priest on 18 December 1954, and shortly thereafter he began to teach while he continued his studies and commitment to his pastoral ministry.

He received a doctorate in theology and history from the Sorbonne University, with a thesis regarding the relationship between reason and faith and between Church and State. He also obtained a diploma in religious sciences from the School of Higher Studies.

From 1958 to 1959 he worked at the national center of scientific research and from 1959 to 1971 he served as an official of the Secretary of State and Chaplain of the San Domenico Institute in Rome. He was also present at the solemn opening of the Vatican Council II and gave his services to John XXIII and Paul VI.

Upon returning to France, he served for 10 years as Rector of the Catholic Institute of Paris, and on 2 February 1979 he was elected titular Bishop of Usula and Auxiliary of the Archbishop of Paris. He received episcopal ordination on 6 April 1979 and in the same period was called to be member of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and of the Secretariat for non-Christians. He served as Auxiliary until 27 June 1980, when John Paul II promoted him to Archbishop, calling him to serve as Pro-president of the Secretariat for Non-believers. Two years later, he became the President of the Executive Committee of the newly created Pontifical Council for Culture.

He served as President of the Pontifical Council for Dialogue with Non-Believers until 4 April 1993 when this Council was incorporated into the Pontifical Council for Culture; he became President of this council on 19 April 1988.

Member of many cultural organizations in France. He also received the Cardinal Grente award from the French Academy, Knighthood from the Legion of Honor and many others. Has written many works and has collaborated on many studies.

President Delegate of the Second Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops (1-23 October 1999)

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the Consistory of 27 May 1985. Titular church, St. Praxedes (until 29 January 1996, Diaconate of S. Eugenio).

Curial membership:

   *

     Divine Worship and Discipline of Sacraments, Evangelization of Peoples, Catholic Education (congregations)
   * Interreligious Dialogue, Laity (councils)
_________________________________________________________

PUJATS Ja-nis
Cardinal Ja-nis Pujats, Archbishop of Riga, Latvia, was born on 14 November 1930 in the Nautreni district of Latvia. After finishing the Rezekne secondary school he attended the Catholic Theological Seminary and was ordained for the Archdiocese of Riga on 29 March 1951.

He engaged in pastoral work mainly in Riga parishes, while teaching art history and liturgy at the Catholic Theological Seminary. Under his leadership the liturgical reform decreed by the Second Vatican Council was put into effect and new liturgical books were published.

From 1979 to 1984 he served as Vicar General in the Metropolitan Curia. In 1984 he was declared a persona non grata by the KGB and had to return to parish work.

He was appointed Archbishop of Riga on 8 May 1991 and received episcopal consecration on 1 June. He also serves as President of the Latvian Bishops' Conference and speaks Russian, Polish, Lithuanian, German and Latin in addition to his native Latvian.

Created Cardinal and reserved "in pectore" by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 February 1998; proclaimed in the consistory of 21 February 2001. Titular church St. Sylvia.

Curial membership:

   * Causes of Saints (congregation)
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PULJIC' Vinko
Cardinal Vinko Puljic', Archbishop of Vrhbosna, Sarajevo,  was born on 8 September 1945 in Prijec'ani, in the Diocese of Banja Luka. He completed his secondary education at the interdiocesan minor seminary of Zagreb and the minor seminary of Djakovo. He studied philosophy and theology at the major seminary of Djakovo and was ordained a priest in the Cathedral of Djakovo on 29 June 1970. Pope John Paul II appointed him Archbishop of Vrhbosna, Sarajevo on 19 November 1990 and in 1991 at the tomb of St Peter ordained him Bishop on the Solemnity of the Epiphany.

His family was materially poor but rich in the Catholic faith. He was the 12th of 13 children. When he was barely three years old, his mother Kaja, died. His father remarried and the little Vinko with his other brothers and sisters found a new mother in his step-mother Ana, who brought him up as if he were her own son.

Already as a child he displayed the great piety which he had inherited from his family when every evening they knelt to pray the Holy Rosary. His father Ivan, led the prayers. Later, as spiritual director at the minor seminary ‘Vicko Zmajevic'’ of Zara (Croatia) whenever he saw a boy having difficulty praying with his arms extended, Fr Vinko would frequently remember the words of his father who used to say to him: 'Son, remember, Jesus hung on the cross with his arms extended, while you cannot even manage to pray for a couple of minutes extending yours!' One of the characteristics of young Vinko's piety was a special devotion to the Mother of God, which he has always retained.

In addition to his family, young Vinko's spiritual formation was deeply influenced by the Trappist Monastery of Marija Zvijezda, located not far from his native village. It was one of the monks precisely, who helped Vinko's father to send his son to the minor seminary of Zagreb. Actually, Fr Ante Artner sold his motorbike and gave the proceeds to Vinko's father who did not have enough money to pay his board there. This story was only told by Father Ante on the occasion when the new priest Vinko celebrated his first Mass in 1970.

After his ordination to the priesthood, he became chaplain in Banja Luka, until spring 1973. Before moving to the parish of Sasina, where he stayed from June to November 1973, for three months, from April to June, he worked in the Episcopal Curia of Banja Luka. From 1973 to 1978 he was parish priest of Ravska, near the mine of Ljubija. In autumn 1978, he was named spiritual director of the minor seminary ‘Vicko Zmajevic'’ of Zara.

As soon as he arrived at the seminary, he immediately made it into a large family. The seminarians were like younger brothers to him, while for them, he was a real father and elder brother whom they could trust. During the summer holidays, he did not lose touch with his seminarians, but visited them in their villages, and corresponded with them. He was concerned above all that his boys should understand and better accept their priestly vocation. During one of his stays in Zadar, he was confessor at the Benedictine monastery and organized numerous spiritual retreats for priests, seminarians and women religious.

When his work as spiritual director of the minor seminary of Zadar came to an end in summer 1987, he returned to his Diocese and was named parish priest of Bosanska Gradiška. He stayed there until summer 1990 when he was transferred to Sarajevo as vice- rector of the major seminary of the ecclesiastical province of Vrhbosna. On 19 November 1990, while he was in Sarajevo the news of his appointment as Archbishop reached him. He thus became the sixth Archbishop of that See after the reconstruction of the ordinary ecclesiastical hierarchy in 1881 in present-day Bosnia-Herzegovina, after the Turkish occupation which had lasted more than four centuries.

His pastoral ministry in the Archdiocese of Vrhbosna, Sarajevo began on 19 January 1991. In those months in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, as also in the rest of what used to be Yugoslavia and in other formerly communist countries, after the collapse of the Berlin Wall, there was a spell of freedom and democracy. As Archbishop, he immediately focused on making pastoral visits in the Diocese in order to become more familiar with the religious and social situation there.

During these visits he paid particular attention to the meetings with priests. But signs of the evil to come were soon evident. In August 1991 hostilities in Croatia began. In Bosnia-Herzegovina fighting broke out in November and in Ravno in the south of the country, and in April 1992 attacks on the towns, including Sarajevo began.

In the situation created by the war, he immediately became involved in helping the thousands of refugees and exiles, mobilizing all the forces of the Church and people of good will. He began in particular to launch heartfelt appeals for the respect of the inalienable rights of the human person without distinction of race or religious creed, for the right of each to live in his own home, for mutual respect, for unity in plurality. At times, there was opposition to such appeals.

In his tireless work of peace making, he met with many political figures and politicians, at home and abroad. In addition, to give a greater impulse to the commitment of religion for a just peace, he met more than once with the Orthodox and Muslim religious leaders of Bosnia-Herzegovina. In this respect, it is enough to remember the interreligious meeting held from 1-3 October 1993 in Sarajevo with Cardinal Roger Etchegaray, President of the Pontifical Councils of Justice and Peace and 'Cor Unum'; with the Apostolic Nuncio in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Archbishop Francesco Monterisi; with the Catholic, Orthodox, Jewish and Muslim religious leaders of the city and of the country. And also, the meeting on 17 May 1994 at Sarajevo airport, with the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, Alexis II, Patriarch Pavle of the Serbian Orthodox Church, and Cardinal Franjo Kuharic', Metropolitan Archbishop of Zagreb.

During the war, he frequently risked his life while making pastoral trips to his parishes, especially those affected by the scourge of war. In one of these visits he was imprisoned for twelve hours by the Serbian military in Ilida, near Sarajevo, running a serious risk when he rode in a UN military tank of UNPROFOR to Vareš, a town held by the Croatians but which precisely at that time was occupied by the Muslims.

Although he was in the way of those who did not agree with his attitude, he gained widespread esteem among the people and politicians, becoming a reference point at the most difficult moments and in the most acute crises. His radio and written messages have always been positively accepted by the people, both Catholic and Muslim and of other religions. As a witness to so many bitter tears, on behalf of the people suffering because of the war, he has often said: 'Do not leave us alone!', as he said in Milan on 23 September 1993 at an interreligious meeting. More than once he has clearly stated: 'I must raise my voice against all crimes'. Confirming the readiness of Catholics to live together with others, in his speech during his ad limina Apostolorum visit in January 1993, he told the Holy Father: As for us, we are seeking to make contact with the representatives of other religious communities: with the Serbian Orthodox Church and with the Islamic Community'.

On various occasions he has shown his ability to be a true Gospel peace-maker, sensitive to the people's suffering, open to dialogue and faithful to the principles of coexistence among the various social, religious and ethnic groups. On 12 November 1992, Pope John Paul II in his letter addressed to all the Bishops of Bosnia-Herzegovina wrote to him: 'When I imposed hands on you on 6 January 1991 to consecrate you in the office of Pastor of the Church of Sarajevo, I had no idea that very shortly your cross would be so heavy and your cup so bitter'.

In April 1997, Cardinal Puljic' welcomes John Paul II to Sarajevo; a pastoral visit the Holy Father had desired to make in September 1994 but was unable to due to the war.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 26 November 1994. Titular church St. Clare in Vigna Clara.

Since 1995 until March 2002, he was the President of the Bishops’ Conference of Bosnia-Ercegovina.

Curial membership:

   *

     Evangelization of Peoples (congregation)
   * Interreligious Dialogue (council)
_________________________________________________________


Q

QUEZADA TORU-O Rodolfo
Cardinal Rodolfo Quezada Toruño, Archbishop of Guatemala, was born on 8 March 1932 in Guatemala City, Guatemala. He was ordained a priest on 21 September 1956 and holds a doctorate in canon law.
He has served as parochial vicar of El Sagrario, rector of Beatas di Belén, university chaplain as well as vice-chancellor of the Archdiocese of Guatemala. He was the first rector of the National Major Seminary of the Assumption in Guatemala.
Cardinal Quezada Toruño was appointed as titular Bishop of Gadiaufala and Auxiliary of Zacapa on 5 April 1972. In 1975, he was appointed as Coadjutor Bishop of the Diocese.
In 1986 he was appointed as prelate of Santo Cristo de Esquípulas. As a member of the Bishops’ Conference of Guatemala, he served as President of various commissions, such as of the Lay Apostolate, Education and the Clergy, and was also Secretary General. He was President of the National Commission of Reconciliation. He presently serves as president of the Bishops’ Conference of Guatemala.
Since 19 June 2001 Cardinal Quezada Toruño has been Archbishop of Guatemala.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 October 2003. Titular church, St. Saturnus.

Curial membership:

   * Culture (council)
   * Latin America (commission)