List of Cardinals
(D - H)

D

da CRUZ POLICARPO José
Cardinal José da Cruz Policarpo, Patriarch of Lisbon, Portugal, was born on 26 February 1936 in Alvorninha, Portugal. He was ordained on 15 August 1961 for the Patriarchate of Lisbon and holds a doctorate in theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome.

He was director of the seminary in Penafirme, rector of the seminary in Olivais and dean of the Theological Faculty of the Portuguese Catholic University. He later served two terms as rector of the same university (1988-96). He is the author of a number of books and scholarly articles.

On 26 May 1978 he was appointed titular Bishop of Caliabria and Auxiliary of Lisbon, receiving episcopal ordination on 29 June. On 5 March 1997 he was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Lisbon and succeeded Cardinal António Ribeiro as Patriarch on 24 March 1998. He is also Grand Chancellor of the Portuguese Catholic University and President of the Portuguese Episcopal Conference.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 February 2001. Titular church St. Anthony in Campo Marzio.

Curial membership:

   * Catholic Education (congregation)
   * Laity, Culture (councils)
_________________________________________________________________

DANNEELS Godfried
Cardinal Godfried Danneels, Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussel (Malines-Bruxelles)  , Military Ordinary for Belgium, was born on 4 June 1933 in Kanegem, diocese of Bruges, in Eastern Flanders.

After his secondary studies at the College of St. Joseph in Tielt, he earned a licentiate in theology at the Higher Institute of Philosophy of the Catholic University of Louvain in 1954, and in 1961, a doctorate at the Pontifical Gregorian University of Rome. Meanwhile, on 17 August 1957, he was ordained a priest, and in 1959, he became spiritual director of the major seminary of Bruges. Ten years later he became professor of theology at the Flemish Catholic University of Louvain and on 4 November 1977 he was named Bishop of Antwerp by Paul VI. He was consecrated on 18 December 1977 and in the two years that he headed the diocese, he dedicated much of his time to the spiritual direction of the priests and to pastoral leadership, working assiduously toward increased collaboration between priests and laity.

In 1978 John Paul II designated him President Delegate, together with Cardinal Willebrands, of the Special Synod for The Netherlands. During the Synod of Bishops on the role of the Christian family in the Contemporary World (1980), in which he represented his bishops’ conference, he was elected by a wide majority as a member of the General Secretariat of the same Synod. He was relator of the second general extraordinary assembly of the Synod of Bishops 20 years after Vatican Council II (1985).

On 19 December 1979, he was named Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussel by John Paul II, succeeding Cardinal Suenens.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 2 February 1983. Ttitular church, St. Anastasia.

Cardinal Daneels is the Military Ordinary for Belgium and President of the Belgian Bishops' Conference.

Curial membership :

   *

     Secretariat of State (second section)
   * Oriental Churches, Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Evangelization of Peoples, Catholic Education (congregations)
   * Ordinary Council of General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops
______________________________________________________________________________

DAOUD Ignace Moussa I
Cardinal Ignace Moussa I Daoud, Patriarch emeritus of Antioch for Syrians, Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches and Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical Oriental Institute was born on 18 September 1930 in Meskaneh, Syria. He was ordained on 17 October 1954 and holds a licentiate in canon law from the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome.

On 2 July 1977 he was elected by the Syrian Patriarchal Synod as Bishop of Cairo, Egypt, and ordained on 18 September. He was a member of the Commission for the Revision of the Eastern Code of Canon Law and chaired the commission that translated the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches into Arabic.

On 1 July 1994 he was promoted to Archbishop of Homs for Syrians, Syria.

On 13 October 1998 he was elected Patriarch of Antioch for Syrians and enthroned on 25 October. On 20 October 1998 he obtained the ecclesiatica communio.

On 25 November 2000 he was appointed Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches.

Patriarch emeritus of Antioch for Syrians, resigned 8 January 2001.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 February 2001.

Curial membership:

   * Doctrine of the Faith, Causes of Saints (congregation)
   * Christian Unity, Legislative Texts (council)
   * Special Council for Lebanon of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops
_________________________________________________________________________________

DARMAATMADJA Julius Riyadi, S.I.
Cardinal Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadja, S.J., Archibishop of Jakarta (Indonesia)  , Military Ordinary for Indonesia,  was born on 20 December 1934 in Muntilan, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. Baptized on 21 December 1934 in St Anthony Church, Muntilan parish in the Archdiocese of Semarang, he was confirmed in the chapel of Salam, Muntilan parish in the same Archdiocese, on 3 June 1947.

His parents were Joachim Djasman Darmaatmadja (died in 1973) and Maria Soepartimah (died in 1966). He has two brothers and three sisters.

From 1940 to 1944 he attended the public elementary school in Semen, Salam, Magelang, and Canisius secondary school in Muntilan, Magelan, from 1948 to 1951. From 1951 to 1957 he studied at St Peter Canisius minor seminary in Mertoyudan, Magelan, Central Java.

On 7 September 1957 he entered St Stanislaus Novitiate of the Society of Jesus in Giri Sonta - Klepu, Semarang, Central Java, and took his first vows there on 8 September 1959.

From 1959 to 1961 he did his juniorate at St Stanislaus College in Giri Sonta - Klepu, Semarang, Central Java, and studied philosophy from 1961 to 1964 at De Nobili College, Pontifical Athenaeum, Poona, India, where he received his licentiate in philosophy on 25 March 1964. The degree was officially recognized by Indonesia's Minister of Culture and Education on 9 July 1968.

From 1964 to 1966 he did his regency at St Peter Canisius minor seminary in Mertoyudan, Magelan, Central Java, in the Archdiocese of Semarang, and studied theology from 1966 to 1970 at St Ignatius College, Yogyakarta, in the same Archdiocese.

In 1974 he did his tertianship at St Stanislaus College in Giri Sonta - Klepu, and made his final profession on 2 February 1975 at Sacred Heart Church, Karangpanas parish in Semarang.

He received tonsure from Bishop A. D'Souza in the chapel of De Nobili College, Poona, India, on 11 January 1964. He also received Minor Orders from the same prelate on 12 January of the same year. Cardinal Justinus Darmojuwono, Archbishop of Semarang, ordained him in Yogyakarta to the subdiaconate and diaconate on 2 September 1969, and to the priesthood on 18 December of the same year.

On 19 February 1983 he was appointed Archbishop of Semarang (the Diocese had been established on 3 January 1961) and he received episcopal ordination there on 29 January of the same year.

His apostolic activity has been intense. From 1964 to 1966 he was subprefect and teacher at St Peter Canisius minor seminary in Mertoyudan, Magelang, and served as parish priest (for several months in 1971) in Kalasan parish, Yogyakarta.

From 1971 to 1973 he was socius magistri and house minister of St Stanislaus novitiate and parish priest of Giri Sonta - Klepu, Semarang. He was socius provincialis and superior of the provincialate in Karangpanas, Semarang from 1973 to 1977.

From 1978 to 1981 he was rector of St Peter Canisius minor seminary in Mertoyudan, Magelang. In addition, he was a member of the 'Commissio de Ministeriis' of the Indonesian Province of the Society of Jesus; co-ordinator of the 'Commissio Educationis' of the Indonesian Jesuits; and national secretary of the East Asian Jesuit Educational Commission.

He served as Provincial of the Indonesian Province of the Society of Jesus from 1981 to 1983. He was appointed Archbishop of Semarang by the Holy See on 9 April 1983.

He has been Ordinary for Catholic members of the National Armed Forces of Indonesia since 25 June 1984 and President of the National Bishops' Conference of Indonesia since 17 November 1988 until 1997.

With regard to ongoing formation and study: in 1972 he attended a workshop and colloquium of superiors in Pacet, Sindanglaya, West Java; in 1973 he received training and took courses for novice master at Roncalli, Salatiga, Central Java; that same year he took part in a cultural encounter in Hong Kong; and in 1974 he attended a workshop on spiritual direction in Sangkalputung - Klaten, Central Java.

On 19 February 1983 he was appointed Archbishop of Semarang and consecrated on 29 June 1983. On 11 January 1996 he was transferred to Jakarta. He has been the Military Ordinary for Indonesia since 25 June 1984.

Created and proclaimed cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 26 November 1994. Ttitular church Sacred Heart of Mary.

President Delegate of the Special Assembly for Asia of the Synod of Bishops, 19 April – 14 May 1998.

President of the Bishops’ Conference of Indonesia, January 2001

Curial membership:

   *

     Evangelization of Peoples (congregation)
   * Interreligious Dialogue, Culture (councils)
   * Special Council for Asia of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops
____________________________________________________________________________

DE GIORGI Salvatore
Cardinal Salvatore De Giorgi, Archbishop of Palermo  , Italy, was born on 6 September 1930 in Vernole, Italy. He was ordained for the then-Diocese of Lecce on 28 June 1953 by Bishop Francesco Minerva, whom he served as secretary until 1958.

On 12 October 1958 he was named parish priest of Our Lady of Grace in Santa Rosa. He also served as diocesan chaplain to the Teachers’ Movement of Catholic Action and directed the Diocesan Pastoral Office.

On 21 November 1973 he was appointed titular Bishop of Tulana and Auxiliary of Oria. He became Bishop of that see on 17 March 1978. On 4 April 1981 he was promoted to Archbishop of Foggia and on 10 October 1987 he was transferred to the Metropolitan Church of Taranto.

In 1990 he was named General Chaplain of Catholic Action, consultor for the Congregation for Bishops and member of the Pontifical Council for the Family, and resigned as Archbishop of Taranto. On 4 April 1996 he was appointed Archbishop of Palermo and was elected President of the Sicilian Episcopal Conference.

Within the Italian Episcopal Conference he was secretary of the Liturgical Commission; secretary and then member of the Commission for the Doctrine of the Faith, Catechesis and Culture; president of the Committee for the Marian year; president of the Bishops’ Commission for the Laity; member of the Scientific Committee and organizer of the social weeks; and from 1972 also national president of the Italian Federation of Spiritual Exercises. He is a journalist-publicist, author of various publications: Le meraviglie del Regno, LEV, Città del Vaticano 1989; L’Assistente per un’AC protesa alla nuova evangelizzazione, AVE, Rome 1991, Riscopriamo la nostra ministerialità, AVE, Rome 1992; A trent’anni dal concilio Vaticano II verso il grande Giubileo del 2000, AVE, Rome 1995; L’Azione cattolica in cammino col Papa, AVE, Rome 1995.

Characteristics of his pastoral ministry has always been the accentuation on the spiritual aspect, dedication to the formation of clergy, and promotion of the laity. He is also sensitive to the social problems regarding the family, the young and the protection of life. Cardinal De Giorgi has always been attentive to the diverse realities tied to the disadvantage and to the emarginated by visiting hospitals, prisons, drug rehabilitation centers, immigration centers, facilities assisting the handicapped.

Created and proclaimed cardinal by John Paul II in a consistory of 21 February 1998. Titular church, St. Mary in Ara Coeli.

Curial membership:

   *

     Clergy (congregation)
   * Laity, Family (councils)
_________________________________________________________________

DIAS Ivan
Cardinal Ivan Dias, Archbishop of Bombay, India, was born on 14 April 1936 in Mumbai, India. He was ordained for the Archdiocese of Bombay on 8 December 1958 and holds a doctorate in canon law from the Pontifical Lateran University, Rome.

He entered the Holy See’s diplomatic service in 1964 and was posted to the Nordic countries, Indonesia, Madagascar, La Réunion, the Comorros, Mauritius and the Secretariat of State. On 8 May 1982 he was appointed titular Archbishop of Rusubisir and Apostolic Pro-Nuncio in Ghana, Togo and Benin, and received episcopal ordination on 19 June. He later served as Apostolic Nuncio in Korea (1987-91) and Albania (1991-97).

On 8 November 1996 he was appointed Archbishop of Bombay.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 February 2001. Titular church Holy Spirit at Ferratella.

President Delegate of the 10th Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops (October 2001).

Curial membership:

   * Doctrine of the Faith, Divine Worship and Sacraments, Catholic Education (congregations)
   * Culture, Laity (councils)
   * Cultural Heritage of the Church (commission)
   * Economic Affairs of the Holy See (office)
   * Council of Cardinals for the Study of Organizational and Economic Affairs of the Holy See
_______________________________________________________________________________

do NASCIMENTO Alexandre

E

EGAN Edward Michael
Cardinal Edward Michael Egan, Archbishop of New York, USA, was born on 2 April 1932 in Oak Park (Illinois), USA. He was ordained for the Archdiocese of Chicago on 15 December 1957 and holds a licentiate in theology and a doctorate in canon law from the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome.

After serving as a curate at Holy Name Cathedral and as secretary to Cardinal Albert Meyer (1958-60), he was assistant vice-rector of the North American College (1960-64). On returning to Chicago he was vice-chancellor (1964-68) and co-chancellor for human relations and ecumenism (1968-72). From 1972 to 1985 he was a Prelate Auditor of the Roman Rota and taught judicial practice at the Studio Rotale and the Gregorian University.

On 1 April 1985 he was appointed titular Bishop of Allegheny and Auxiliary of New York, receiving episcopal ordination on 22 May. He was transferred to the residential see of Bridgeport on 5 November 1988 and promoted to Archbishop of New York on 11 May 2000.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 February 2001. Titular church Sts. John and Paul.

Relator General for the 10th Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops (October 2001).

Curial membership:

   * Family (council)
   * Cultural Heritage (commission)
   * Apostolic Signatura (tribunal)
   * Economic Affairs of the Holy See (office)
   * Council of Cardinals for the Study of Organizational and Economic Affairs of the Holy See
_________________________________________________________________________________________

ERRÁZURIZ OSSA Francisco Javier, dei P. di Schönstatt
Cardinal Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa, of the Schönstatt Fathers, Archbishop of Santiago, Chile, was born on 5 September 1933 in Santiago. He was ordained for the Schönstatt Fathers on 16 July 1961 and holds a licentiate in theology from the University of Fribourg, Switzerland.

He was a chaplain to students and professionals of the Schönstatt Movement and served as Regional Superior in Chile. In 1971 he was called to Germany as a member of his community's General Council and in 1974 was elected Superior General.

On 22 December 1990 he was appointed titular Archbishop of Hólar and Secretary of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, receiving episcopal ordination on 6 January 1991. On 24 September 1996 he was named Archbishop-Bishop of Valparaíso and was transferred to the Archdiocese of Santiago on 24 April 1998.

He is President of the Episcopal Conference of Chile.

On 16 May 2003 he was elected President of the Latin American Episcopal Council (CELAM).

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 February 2001. Titular church Our Lady of Peace.

Curial membership:

   * Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life (congregation)
   * Family, Culture (councils)
   * Latin America (commission)
_________________________________________________________________________

ETSOU-NZABI-BAMUNGWABI Frédéric, C.I.C.M.
Cardinal Frédéric Etsou-Nzabi-Bamungwabi, Archbishop of Kinshasa  , is the second Cardinal of Democratic Republic of Congo (ex-Zaïre). He succeeded Cardinal Malula, who died 14 June 1989.

He was born on 3 December 1930 at Mazalonga, Lisala, in the province of Equatore, in Zaire. After having studied first at the Catholic school of Boyange, then in the Minor Seminary of Bolongo, Lisala, he continued at the Major Seminary of Kabwe in Western Kasaï, where he completed the first cycle of philosophy (1949-1953) and a year of theology (1953-1954). Withdrawing to silence and prayer, he realized his deep missionary desire to enter the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (C.I.C.M.), and completed the novitiate at Katoka, Western Kasaï, before completing the first cycle of theology in 1958.

Ordained a priest on 13 July 1958, Frédéric Etsou was then named vicar in two parishes of Kinshasa: St. Francis (Kintambo) and St. Peter (Kinshasa). Loving his work he always showed himself to be one of the most fervent proponent of the pastoral action "kinoise", initiated by the deceased Malula: a pastoral program aimed at continually affirming the Christian in the life of prayer.

The pastoral effort of Frédéric Etsou very soon attracted the attention of his superiors. He was sent to Europe to study for a doctorate in sociology at the Catholic Institute of Paris, France and in pastoral theology at the Lumen Vitae in Brussels, Belgium. He also studied science and letters at the Institute of Higher Studies d’Oltremare in Paris, France.

At the end of his studies, in 1968, he returned to Kinshasa where he was named Vicar Forane (Dean) in the parish of St. Peter and at the same time Vice-provincial of his Congregation. During this period he was elected at various times president of the Major Superiors Meeting of the province of Kinshasa and Vice-president of the Major Superiors Meeting of Zaire and the head of the C.I.C.M. group in Africa.

On 8 July 1976 he was elected titular archbishop of Menefessi and named Coadjutor Archbishop of Mbandaka (with the right of succession) and ordained on 7 November 1976 by His Eminence Cardinal Malula. On 11 November 1977 he became resident Archbishop of Mbandaka-Bikoro. His brothers in the Episcopate did not delay in entrusting to him the vice-presidency of the Episcopal Conference of Zaire (C.E.Z.). On 7 July 1990, Frédéric Etsou was named Archbishop of Kinshasa.

Since July 2000, President of the Bishops' Conference of the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 28 June 1991; titular church, St. Lucy at Piazza d'Armi.

Curial membership:

   *

     Evangelization of Peoples (congregation)
   *

     Family, Culture (councils)
   * Council of Cardinals for Study of Organizational and Economic Affairs of the Holy See
_____________________________________________________________________________

ERDO" Péter
Cardinal Péter Erdo", Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest and Primate of Hungary, was born on 25 June 1952 in Budapest, Hungary. He was ordained a priest on 18 June 1975 and holds doctorates in theology and canon law.
Cardinal Erdo" was professor of theology in the Faculty of Theology of the Archdiocese of Esztergom and at the Gregorian Pontifical University. He was rector of Rome’s Hungarian Pontifical Institute. He served as professor, department head, dean and rector of the Theological Academy “Péter Pázmány”, and was Principal of the Postgraduate Institute of Canon Law. He also taught at the Pontifical Catholic University Argentina (Buenos Aires) and at the Pontifical Lateran University.
On 6 January 2000 he was ordained titular Bishop of Puppi and Auxiliary of Székesfehérvár. He is presently president of the Commission of Ecclesiastical Law of the Bishops’ Conference of Hungary.
On 7 December 2002 Cardinal Erdõ was nominated Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest and Primate of Hungary.
He is the author of many written works and founder of various journals.

Curial membership:

   * Catholic Education (congregation)
   * Legislative Texts (council)
   * Apostolic Signatura (tribunal)

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 October 2003, of the Title of St. Balbina.
______________________________________________________________________


F

FALCÃO FREIRE José
Cardinal José Freire Falcão, Archbishop emeritus of Brasília  , Brazil, was born on 23 October 1925 at Ererê, diocese of Limoeiro do Norte. He attended the elementary and middle school of that city and in Russas and in 1938 he entered the seminary of Prainha at Fortaleaz, where he did his higher studies, as well as philosophy and theology.

On 19 June 1949, he was ordained a priest at Limoeiro do Norte. Immediately after he began his ministry as vicar of the Cathedral. He was also vice-director of the diocesan secondary school, professor at the minor seminary and in other schools, as well as the Chaplain to Catholic Action.

After 18 years of priestly ministry, on 24 April 1967, he was elected titular Bishop of Vardimissa and named Coadjutor with the right of succession to the Bishop of Limoeiro do Norte. He received episcopal ordination on 17 June 1967, and just after two months, on 19 August, he assumed the pastoral governance of the diocese. On 25 November 1971, he was promoted Archbishop of Teresina. He lead this ecclesial community for 12 years. On 15 February 1984, he was transferred to the diocese of Brasília.

Faithful to his episcopal motto, "serve in humility", during these years he dedicated his every moment to the development of the ecclesial communities entrusted to him, motivated by his great desire to proclaim the truth of the Gospel, and by a sincere and profound love of the Church and fellow man. He also carried out important duties within the National Bishops’ Conference of Brazil (CNBB). In particular, he was a member of the Commission for Pastoral Assistance, President of the Movement for Basic Education, a member of the Permanent Council and of the Representative Commission.

He was a member of the Departments of Education and Vocations, and an official of CELAM (Latin-American Episcopal Council), responsible for its sessions on ecumenism. In addition, he participated in the Latin-American Episcopal Conference and was the second Vice-President of CELAM.

He also wrote monthly articles for the daily "Brazil News" and for the "Brazilian Courier". His signature appears weekly on the Liturgical Bulletin of the Archdiocese, "People of God".

Archbishop emeritus of Brasília, 28 January 2004.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 28 June 1988. Titular church, St. Luke on Via Prenestina.

Curial Membership:

   *

     Health Care Workers (council)
   * Council of Cardinals for Study of Organizational and Economic Affairs of the Holy See
_________________________________________________________________________________________


G

GEORGE Francis Eugene, O.M.I.
Cardinal Francis Eugene George O.M.I ., Archbishop of Chicago  , was born in Chicago, the son of Francis J. George and Julia R. McCarthy, on 16 January 1937. He is the first native of Chicago to become Archbishop of the city.

After attending Saint Paschal Grade School in the north-west of Chicago and the Saint Henry Minor Seminary, Illinois, he entered the Congregation of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate on 14 August 1957.

He studied theology at the University of Ottawa in Canada and was ordained priest by Bishop Raymond P. Hilliger on 21 December 1963.

Cardinal George pursued undergraduate studies in philosophy at the Catholic University of America in Washington D.C. and then doctoral studies in philosophy at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. In these years, he also taught philosophy at the Seminary of the Oblates in Pass Christian, Mississippi (1964-69), at Tulane University, (1968), and at Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska (1969-73).

From 1973 to 1974 he was Provincial Superior of the Midwestern Province of the Oblates at Saint Paul, Minnesota. He was then elected Vicar General of the Oblates and worked in Rome from 1974 to 1986.

He returned to the United States and became co-ordinator of the Circle of Fellows of the Cambridge Center for the Study of Faith and Culture in Cambridge, Massachusetts (1987-90).

At that time he pursued doctoral studies in theology at the Pontifical Urban University in Rome, with a specialization in ecclesiology (1988).

Pope John Paul II named him Bishop of Yakima in Washington State on 10 July 1990. He was ordained to the episcopate on 21 September 1990 and was installed as the fifth Bishop of Yakima on the same day.

After five and a half years at Yakima, he was named by Pope John Paul II as Archbishop of Portland, Oregon, on 30 April 1996. He took possession of the See as the ninth Archbishop of Portland on 27 May 1996.

Less than a year later, on 8 April 1997, Pope John Paul II named him the eighth Archbishop of Chicago, since the See had fallen vacant with the death of Cardinal Joseph Bernardin on 14 November 1996.

The installation took place on 7 May 1997, and Archbishop Agostino Cacciavillan, Apostolic Nuncio in the United States of America, presided at the celebration, which took place in Holy Name Cathedral.

He was appointed by the Pope to the Synod of Bishops on Consecrated Life in 1994, and as Delegate and Special Secretary to the American Synod in 1997. He has also served on several Commissions of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops in the U.S.A, including The Church in Latin America (from 1994), Doctrine (1991-94 and from 1996), Missions (from 1991), the Adhoc Committee to Oversee the Use of the Catechism (from 1995) and the Adhoc Committee on Shrines (from 1992).

From 1994 to 1997 he worked on the Committees on Religious Life and Ministry and the American Board of Catholic Missions within the National Conference of Catholic Bishops.

He has been a consultor for the NCCB on the following commissions: Science and Human Values (1994-97), Hispanic Affairs (1994-97), Evangelization (1991-93). He was also President of the NCCB’s Commission for Bishops and Scholars (1992-94).

He is the representative of the NCCB on the International Commission for English in the Liturgy. He is also on the Council of the Catholic Church Extension Society and of St Mary of the Lake University, Mundelein, Illinois. He is a member of the Council of Administration of the Catholic University of America (since 1995) and of the Basilica of The National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception (since 1997). He is also a member of the Pontifical Foundation (since 1997) and of the Council of Administration of the Pope John XXIII Center, Boston, Massachusetts (since 1994).

Since 1990 he has been the Episcopal Moderator and member of the Council of the National Catholic Office for Persons with Disabilities. He brings personal experience to this work, since at the age of thirteen he was stricken for five months with poliomyelitis which caused irreparable damage to his legs.

He was also the Episcopal Moderator of the Cursillo Movement, Twelfth Region, from 1990 to 1997. He is the honorary Conventual Chaplain of the Federal Association of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the Grand Prior of the North Central Lieutenancy of the United States for the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, and a member of the Council of Kohl McKornick Early Childhood Teaching Awards.

Since 1988 he has been a member of the Council of Administration of the Oblate Media at Belleville, Illinois. He is also a member of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, of the American Society of Missiologists, and of the Catholic Commission on Intellectual and Cultural Affairs.

At the Sixth General Congregation of the recent American Synod (Thursday 20 November 1997), he spoke on the theme, "A Comparison of Cultures".

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 February 1998, of the Title of St. Bartholemew on Tiberina Island.

Curial membership:

   *

     Divine Worship and Sacraments, Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, Evangelization of Peoples, Oriental Churches (congregations)
   *

     Cor Unum, Culture (councils)
   * Cultural Heritage (commission)
   * Vox Clara (committee)
   * Ordinary Council of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops
   * Special Council for America of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops
______________________________________________________________

GIORDANO Michele
Cardinal Michele Giordano, Archbishop of Naples, Italy  , was born on 26 September 1930 in Sant'Arcangelo, in the province of Potenza, diocese of Tursi-Lagonegro. After elementary school he studied at the regional seminary of Potenza and then also at Salerno. In the interregional seminary of Posillipo he completed a licentiate in theology. On 5 July 1953 he was ordained a priest and immediately became the pastor of Scanzano.

After 6 years of pastoral experience he was asked to serve in the diocese more directly: in 1959 he was appointed Director of the Catechetics Centre and the Diocesan Centre of Social Studies. At the same time he was also the diocesan chaplain to Catholic Action.

In 1968, he was appointed vicar general of the diocese, until 23 December 1971, when he was elected to the titular Church of Lari Castello and appointed Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Matera and Apostolic Administrator of Irsina, Gravina and Altamura.

On 12 June 1974, he was promoted Archbishop of Matera and Irsina. One of his first, most important initiatives was to reopen the diocesan seminary, closed for sixty years. After having promoted several study congresses between 1978 and 1982, he visited his diocese to examine the degree to which the directives of the Council had been actuated. At Matera he also found a school of theology for the laity and a pastoral centre for the family.

On 9 May 1987 he was promoted to the Metropolitan Church of Naples, and took possession on 27 June 1987.One of his first acts of pastoral service was the visit to the inmates of Poggioreale to whom he personally brought a sense of hope.

On 27 September 1987 the 24 bishops of Campania elected him President of their Episcopal Conference.

In November 1987 he visited the Italian community in United States, meeting especially with the Neapolitan community, on the occasion of his visit to the exposition of the treasury of St. Gennaro at the Brooklyn Museum.

On Palm Sunday in 1988, he published his first Pastoral Letter, entitled "Sicut flumen pax tua", which besides being his first Neapolitan document, was also the motto of his coat of arms.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 28 June 1988. Titular church of San Gioacchino ai Prati di Castello.

Curial membership:

   *

     Clergy (congregation)
   * Health Care Workers (council)
_______________________________________________________________________________

GLEMP Józef
Cardinal Józef Glemp, Archbishop of Warsaw, Primate of Poland  , and  Ordinary for the faithful of the Oriental Rite residing in Poland, was born on 18 December 1929 at Inowroclaw, in the Archdiocese of Gniezno, the son of a salt miner. His father Kazimierz had participated in the insurrection of Great Poland in the year 1918-1919. During the Nazi occupation he was forced to work in the country on a German farm, and so was well acquainted with hard physical work.

He finished his elementary school after the outbreak of WWII and only after the war in 1945 he was able to begin studying in the secondary school of Jan Kasprowicz at Inowroclaw, earning his diploma on 25 May 1950. On 22 July of the same year he entered the Archdiocesan Seminary of Gniezno where on 25 May 1956 he was ordained a priest.

After two years of pastoral service, in 1958 he was sent to Rome to study Canon Law at the Pontifical Lateran University, earning his doctorate "in utroque iure" in 1964, with a thesis on: "De evolutione conceptus fictionis iuris". After his practicum he was given the title of Advocate of the Roman Rota. He attended a course in stylistic Latin at the Pontifical Gregorian University and also finished his studies in ecclesial administration.

In 1964, he finished all his studies in Rome and returned to Gniezno in Poland. He became chaplain of the Dominican and Franciscan Sisters and teacher of religion in the house for delinquent minors. He worked as Secretary of the Seminary of Gniezno and as notary for the Curia and the metropolitan tribunal and also as defender of the bond.

In December 1967, he worked in the Secretariat of the Primate, and for 15 years was one of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyn'ski's close collaborators. As the personal chaplain of the Cardinal, he accompanied him on his journeys within Poland and to Rome. He exercised varied responsibilities in the Commissions of the Polish Episcopate and taught Canon Law at the Academy of the Catholic Theology in Warsaw. He participated in several congresses on this topic in Poland and abroad. In 1972 he was named chaplain to His Holiness, and in March 1976 be became Canon of the Metropolitan Chapter at Gniezno.

On 4 March 1979, John Paul II named him Bishop of Warmia, in the northeast part of Poland and was consecrated on the feast of S. Adalberto, on 21 April, in Gniezno.

After the death of Cardinal Wyszyn'ski on 18 May 1981, he was named Archbishop of Gniezno on 7 July 1981, in union "pro hac vice, ad personam" with the Archdiocese of Warsaw. As Bishop of Gniezno he became also the Primate of Poland. [The title of Primate of Poland was conferred on the Archbishop of Gniezno by Pope Martin V in 1418 and confirmed by Leo X in 1515, every Primate of Poland to the time of his election, even if he is not a cardinal, has the right to wear the red "zucchetto" of a cardinal, a privilege already accorded in 1600 and confirmed by Benedict XIV in 1749.]

On 25 March 1992, with the restructuring of the Church dioceses in Poland, John Paul II dissolved the union "ad personam" of Gniezno-Warsaw, naming as Metropolitan Archbishop of Gniezno Bishop Henryk Muszynski. The Holy Father decided that the title of Primate of Poland should remain linked to the historical heritage of S. Adalberto in the Archdiocese of Gniezno and confirmed that Cardinal Józef Glemp, Archbishop of Warsaw, who had custody of the relics of S. Adalberto, which were venerated in the Cathedral of Gniezno, should continue to bear the title of Primate of Poland.

Cardinal Glemp acted as President of the Episcopal Conference of Poland for 23 years, from 1981 until March 2004.

President delegate to the 1st Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops (1991).

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the Consistory of 2 February 1983. Titular Church of St. Mary in Trastevere.

Curial membership:

   *

     Oriental Churches (congregation)
   *

     Culture (council)
   * Apostolic Signatura (tribunal)
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GROCHOLEWSKI Zenon
Cardinal Zenon Grocholewski, Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education, Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical Gregorian University, was born on 11 October 1939 in Bródki, Poland. He was ordained for the Archdiocese of Poznan' on 27 May 1963. He worked for three years at Christ the Redeemer Parish in Poznan'  before earning a doctorate in canon law at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome.

From 1972 to 1999 he worked at the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura as notary, chancellor, Secretary and Prefect. During this time he was one of the seven members of the commission that studied the draft of the 1983 Code of Canon Law with the Pope, and he taught canon law at the Gregorian and Lateran Universities and the Studio Rotale. He was appointed titular Bishop of Agropoli on 21 December 1982 and promoted to Archbishop on 16 December 1991.

On 15 November 1999 he was appointed Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education.

He is presently the Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical Gregorian University.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 February 2001. Diaconate of St. Nicholas in Prison.

Curial membership:

   * Doctrine of the Faith, Bishops (congregations)
   * Legislative Texts (council)
   *

     Special Council for Ocania of the Secretariat General (Synod of Bishops)

       ________________________________________________________________________

H

HAMAO Stephen Fumio
Cardinal Stephen Fumio Hamao, President of the Pontifical Council for the Care of Migrants and Itinerant People, was born on 9 March 1930 in Tokyo, Japan. He was ordained a priest on 21 December 1957 and holds a degree in canon law.
He served as chaplain for the Catholic university students of the Archdiocese of Tokyo. On 29 April 1970 he was ordained titular Bishop of Oreto and Auxiliary of Tokyo. In 1979 he was named Bishop of the Diocese of Yokohama, where he was responsible for various commissions of the Bishops' Conference of Japan. He was also a member of the Council of the Synod of Bishops and head of the Office for Human Development of the Federation of Asian Bishops’ Conferences.
Since 1998, when he was also raised to the dignity of Archbishop, Cardinal Hamao has been President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the Consistory of 21 October 2003, of the Deaconry of St. John Bosco in Via Tuscolana.

Curial membership:

   * Evangelization of Peoples, Causes of Saints (congregations)
   * Cor Unum, Justice and Peace (councils)
   * International Eucharistic Congresses (committee)
____________________________________________________________________

HERRANZ Julián English,
Cardinal Julián Herranz, President of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts and of the Disciplinary Commission of the Roman Curia, was born on 31 March 1930 in Baena, Spain. He was ordained a priest on 7 August 1955 for the Prelature of Opus Dei. He holds a licence in medicine with a specialization in psychiatry and a degree in canon law.
Cardinal Herranz was a professor at the University of Navarra. In 1960, he was called to service in the Roman Curia regarding the discipline of the clergy. In 1983 he was appointed Secretary of the Pontifical Commission for the Authentic Interpretation of the Code of Canon Law. In 1990, following the re-naming of the Commission (today the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts), he was appointed as Secretary and was assigned the titular episcopal see of Vertara, receiving episcopal ordination on 6 January 1991. In 1994 he was raised to Archbishop and appointed President of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the Consistory of 21 October 2003, of the Deaconry of St. Eugenius.

Curial membership:

   * Bishops, Causes of Saints, Evangelization of Peoples, Divine Worship and Discipline of Sacraments (congregations)
   * Laity (council)
   * Ecclesia Dei (commission)
   * Apostolic Signatura (tribunal)

______________________________________________________________________

HUMMES Cláudio, O.F.M.
Cardinal Cláudio Hummes, O.F.M., Archbishop of São Paulo, Brazil, was born on 8 August 1934 in Montenegro, Brazil. He was ordained for the Franciscans on 3 August 1958 and holds a doctorate in philosophy from the Antonianum, Rome, and a specialization in ecumenism from the Ecumenical Institute of Bossey in Geneva, Switzerland.

He taught philosophy at the Franciscan seminary in Garibaldi, at the major seminary of Viamão and at the Pontifical Catholic University of Porto Alegre. He was adviser for ecumenical affairs to the National Bishops' Conference of Brazil, Provincial of Rio Grande do Sul (1972-75) and president of the Union of Latin American Conferences of Franciscans.

On 22 March 1975 he was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Santo André and received episcopal ordination on 25 May. He became Diocesan Bishop of the see on 29 December. On 29 May 1996 he was promoted to Archbishop of Fortaleza and was transferred to São Paulo on 15 April 1998.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the Consistory of 21 February 2001. Titular church St. Anthony of Padua in Via Merulana.

Curial membership:

   * Divine Worship and Sacraments, Doctrine of the Faith, Bishops (congregations)
   * Laity, Family, Cor Unum, Interreligious Dialogue, Culture (councils)
   * Latin America (commission)
   * X Ordinary Council of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops
   * Council of Cardinals for the Study of Organizational and Economic Affairs of the Holy See
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HUSAR Lubomyr, M.S.U.
Cardinal Lubomyr Husar, of the Ukrainian Studite Monks, Major Archbishop of Lviv for Ukrainians  , Ukraine, was born on 26 February 1933 in Lviv. Due to the war, his family fled to Austria and then to the USA. He was ordained for the Eparchy of Stamford for Ukrainians, USA, on 30 March 1958.

He taught in the seminary and was parish priest in Kehonkson, New York. After earning a doctorate in theology from the Pontifical Urbanian University, Rome, he joined the Studite Monks and was superior of the Studion in Grottaferrata, Italy. On 2 April 1977 he was ordained a Bishop by Cardinal Josyf Slipyj and on 23 July 1978 was named Archimandrite of Studite Monks residing outside Ukraine.

In 1994 he organized a new Studite monastery in Ternopil, Ukraine, and was elected Exarch of Kyiv-Vyshhorod in April 1996. In October 1996 he was appointed Auxiliary to the Major Archbishop of Lviv. Following Cardinal Lubachivsky's death, he was elected Major Archbishop of Lviv for Ukrainians on 25 January 2001.

President of the Synod of the Ukrainian Catholic Church.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of 21 February 2001. Titular church St. Sophia in Via Boccea.

Curial membership:

   * Oriental Churches (congregation)
   * Christian Unity, Legislative texts, Culture (councils)
   * Special Council for Europe of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops
   * X Ordinary Council of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops
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